Category: DACs

DACs

“Budget-Friendly Home Theater Receivers: Tips and Tricks”

Finding Affordable Home Theater Receivers

Creating an immersive home theater experience is becoming increasingly popular as more and more people are looking to enjoy movies, TV shows, and gaming in the comfort of their own homes. However, building a home theater system can be quite expensive, especially when it comes to the receiver. The receiver is the central component of your home theater setup, responsible for processing the audio and video signals from your various devices and then outputting them to your speakers and TV. Finding an affordable home theater receiver can be a daunting task, but with the right information and tips, you can build a high-quality home theater without breaking the bank. In this article, we will explore some ways to find affordable home theater receivers without compromising on quality.

Consider Your Needs

The first step in finding an affordable home theater receiver is to consider your specific needs. Home theater receivers come in a variety of sizes, power options, and features, so it’s essential to determine what you need and what you can do without. For example, if you have a small room or a limited budget, you may not need a receiver with multiple HDMI inputs or the ability to power a large number of speakers. On the other hand, if you plan on expanding your system in the future, it might be worth investing in a more versatile receiver. Knowing what you need and what you don’t can help you narrow down your options and find a more affordable receiver that still meets your specific requirements.

Shop Online

One of the best ways to find affordable home theater receivers is to shop online. Online retailers like Amazon, Best Buy, and Crutchfield often have better deals and discounts than brick-and-mortar stores. Additionally, you can compare prices from different retailers quickly and easily, allowing you to find the best deal for your budget. Many online retailers also offer free shipping, making it a convenient and cost-effective option for purchasing a home theater receiver.

Consider Refurbished or Open-Box Options

If you’re looking to save even more money, consider purchasing a refurbished or open-box home theater receiver. Refurbished receivers are products that have been returned to the manufacturer and restored to their original working condition. These receivers are often significantly cheaper than new ones and can come with warranties, giving you peace of mind. Open-box products are items that have been returned to a retailer but have never been used. These receivers are usually marked down since they can’t be sold as new, but they are still in pristine condition. While there is always a slight risk when buying refurbished or open-box products, if you purchase from a reputable retailer, you can get a high-quality home theater receiver at a fraction of the cost.

Consider Older Models

Another way to find an affordable home theater receiver is to consider older models. As technology evolves, new receiver models are released, often causing older ones to drop in price. While these older models may not include all of the latest features, they are still capable of delivering excellent audio and video performance for your home theater. Many of the features on newer models are nice to have but not essential, so opting for an older model can save you a significant amount of money. Additionally, these older models may still come with warranties, making them a more viable option for those looking for a budget-friendly home theater solution.

Read Reviews and Compare Features

Before making a final decision, it’s crucial to read reviews and compare features between different receivers. Customer reviews can give you insight into the performance and reliability of a particular receiver, allowing you to make an informed decision. Additionally, comparing features can help you determine if a particular receiver has all the essential features you need for your setup. Some receivers may come with additional features that you may not use, so opting for a simpler model can save you money without sacrificing functionality.

In Conclusion

Finding an affordable home theater receiver may require a bit of research and effort, but it is entirely possible. By considering your specific needs, shopping online, considering refurbished or open-box options, and comparing features and prices, you can find a high-quality receiver that fits your budget. Remember to read reviews and purchase from reputable retailers to ensure you get a reliable and affordable home theater receiver for your immersive viewing experience.

“FPGA: The Powerful World of Technical Design”

FPGA And Its Technical Design

FPGA, or Field-Programmable Gate Array, is a type of integrated circuit (IC) that is designed to be configured and reconfigured for specific tasks at the hardware level. Unlike standard ICs that perform a specific function and cannot be altered, FPGA’s are programmable and can be customized for various applications.

How Does an FPGA Work?

The basic building block of an FPGA is the logic cell, which is composed of two basic parts: the lookup table (LUT) and the flip-flop. The LUT is responsible for implementing logic functions and can be programmed to act as different types of logic gates. The flip-flop, on the other hand, is a memory element that stores the output of the LUT and connects it to other logic cells or I/O pins.

The logic cells are interconnected by a network of programmable interconnects, which allows data to flow between different cells. This interconnect structure is what gives FPGA’s their flexibility, as designers can create custom interconnections to optimize the circuit’s performance for a specific task.

The Technical Design of an FPGA

An FPGA is composed of three major blocks: the FPGA fabric, the I/O blocks, and the configuration memory. The fabric is the heart of the FPGA and is where all the logic cells and programmable interconnects reside. The I/O blocks are responsible for interfacing with external devices and can be configured to support different types of inputs and outputs.

The configuration memory is a key component in the design of an FPGA. It stores the configuration bitstream, which is a binary file that specifies how the FPGA should be programmed. The configuration process is what allows FPGA’s to be reconfigured for different tasks, giving them the flexibility and versatility that is not possible with standard ICs.

The Process of Designing an FPGA

The design process for an FPGA is different from that of a custom IC. Instead of designing the circuit at the transistor level, FPGA’s are designed at the higher level of logic blocks and interconnects. This means that the designer must select the appropriate logic blocks and interconnects to implement the desired functionality.

The first step in the design process is to create a circuit description in a hardware description language (HDL) such as Verilog or VHDL. The HDL code is then synthesized, which means the code is translated into a netlist representation of the design. The netlist is then mapped to the target FPGA architecture, and the placement and routing process begins. During this process, the logic cells and interconnects are placed and connected, and the final bitstream is generated.

Advantages and Applications of FPGA’s

One of the major advantages of FPGA’s is their reconfigurability. This allows designers to quickly and easily make changes to the circuit design without going through the lengthy process of redesigning and fabricating a custom IC. FPGA’s are also highly flexible and can be used in a wide range of applications, including digital signal processing, video and image processing, communication systems, and more.

The parallel processing capabilities of FPGA’s also make them ideal for applications that require high-speed processing, such as in scientific computing and data centers. They are also frequently used in prototyping and testing of custom ICs, as the FPGA can mimic the behavior of the IC being designed before it is fabricated.

The Future of FPGA’s

FPGA’s have come a long way since their inception in the 1980s, and their capabilities continue to expand. With the rise of artificial intelligence and machine learning, FPGA’s are being increasingly used in these domains due to their performance and energy efficiency. They are also being integrated into system-on-a-chip (SoC) designs, adding to their versatility and potential for use in various applications.

In conclusion, FPGA’s offer a unique and flexible approach to designing and implementing custom logic circuits. With their reconfigurability, high-speed processing capabilities, and wide range of applications, FPGA’s are becoming an essential component in many industries. As technology continues to advance, it is likely that FPGA’s will play an even more significant role in shaping the future of hardware design.

“Mastering Digital Sound: Elevate Your Audio Experience”

Achieve High End Sound And Quality In Digital Music With Any Audio Player

Ever since the invention of the compact disc (CD) in the 1980s, digital music has become the dominant format for listening to music. With the rise of smartphones, laptops, and other portable devices, digital audio has become even more popular, allowing people to listen to their favorite songs anytime and anywhere.

However, with the convenience of digital audio also comes the concern for quality. Many music enthusiasts claim that digital audio does not provide the same high end sound and quality as traditional analog formats, such as vinyl records or cassette tapes. While this may have been true in the past, with advancements in technology, achieving high end sound and quality in digital music is now possible with any audio player.

The Problem with Digital Audio

Digital audio is essentially a representation of sound in the form of binary code. When we listen to music in a digital format, our devices convert this code into electrical signals, which are then amplified and converted into sound waves that we can hear.

One of the main issues with digital audio is that it is a compressed format. This means that the original sound is compressed to reduce file size, making it easier to store and transfer. However, this compression also results in a loss of sound quality. The more a file is compressed, the more the sound quality deteriorates.

Additionally, the type of compression used can also affect the sound quality. Lossy compression, which is commonly used in MP3 files, discards certain parts of the audio data to reduce the file size. This can result in a “loss” of audio information, leading to a lower quality sound. On the other hand, lossless compression, used in formats like FLAC, does not discard any information but still compresses the file size. This results in better sound quality, but the file size may be larger.

Solutions for Achieving High End Sound in Digital Music

While digital audio may have its limitations, there are several solutions that can be implemented to achieve high end sound and quality in digital music.

Upgrade Your Audio Equipment

The quality of your audio equipment, such as headphones or speakers, can greatly affect the sound of your digital music. Investing in high quality audio equipment can improve the overall sound and bring out the finer details in your music. Look for equipment with a high frequency range, meaning they can reproduce a wider range of high and low frequencies.

Use High Quality Digital File Formats

As mentioned earlier, the type of compression used in digital audio files can greatly affect the sound quality. To achieve high end sound, opt for lossless compression formats, such as FLAC, which preserve the original audio data without compromising on quality. While the file size may be larger, the improved sound quality is worth it.

Choose High Resolution Audio Files

In addition to using lossless compression formats, you can also opt for high resolution audio files. These are uncompressed audio files that retain all the original data, resulting in a clearer and more detailed sound. High resolution audio files typically have a sampling rate of 96kHz or higher, compared to the standard rate of 44.1kHz for CDs.

Invest in a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC)

A digital-to-analog converter, or DAC, is an external device that converts digital audio signals into analog signals. These devices often have better quality converters than what is built into your audio player, resulting in a higher quality sound. They also have the ability to reduce noise and distortion, further improving the sound quality of your digital music.

Use Equalization (EQ)

Using equalization, or EQ, allows you to adjust the frequency balance of your music to fit your preferences. This can be particularly useful when listening to digital music as it can help compensate for some of the quality lost during compression. Experiment with different EQ settings to find the perfect sound for your ears.

Optimize Your Audio Player Settings

Most audio players have settings that can be adjusted to improve the sound quality. For example, you can check if your player has a high-resolution playback option, which will prioritize sound quality over file size. Some players may also have a feature to upsample your audio files, meaning it will increase the sampling rate to improve the sound quality.

In Summary

While digital audio may not have the same warmth and depth as analog formats, with the right equipment and techniques, achieving high end sound and quality in digital music is possible. By investing in high quality audio equipment, using high resolution and uncompressed audio files, and optimizing your audio player settings, you can enhance your digital music listening experience. So, don’t let the limitations of digital audio hold you back from enjoying your favorite songs in the best possible quality.

Home AV Receivers: Key Considerations

Things To Consider When You Buy Home AV Receivers

Home AV receivers are an essential component of any home entertainment system. They are responsible for powering, controlling, and enhancing the audio and video output of your home theater. With the rapid advancements in technology, the market is flooded with a myriad of home AV receivers from various brands, each claiming to offer the best features and performance. But with such a vast array of options, it can be overwhelming to choose the right one for your needs. So, here are some crucial things to consider when buying a home AV receiver to ensure that you make an informed decision.

1. Audio and Video Quality

When it comes to home AV receivers, audio and video quality are of paramount importance. As such, it is essential to choose a receiver that provides outstanding audio and video output. Look for a receiver that supports high-resolution audio and video formats, such as Dolby Atmos, DTS:X, and 4K Ultra HD. These formats deliver an immersive sound and picture experience, bringing your home theater to life. Additionally, ensure that the receiver has enough power and channels to accommodate your speakers and deliver enough volume and clarity.

2. Connectivity Options

Another vital consideration when buying a home AV receiver is its connectivity options. Check for the number and type of inputs and outputs available on the receiver. Are there enough HDMI inputs for all your devices, such as your Blu-ray player, gaming console, and cable box? Does it have Bluetooth and Wi-Fi connectivity for streaming music and other content wirelessly? Moreover, check for features like Chromecast, AirPlay, and Spotify Connect, which allow you to stream music directly from your smartphone or tablet to the receiver.

3. User-Friendly Interface

The user interface of a home AV receiver should be user-friendly and easy to navigate. With so many features and settings to adjust, having a complicated interface can make the setup and operation of the receiver a daunting task. Look for a receiver with a well-designed on-screen menu and remote control that is intuitive and easy to use. Some receivers also come with mobile apps that allow you to control them through your smartphone, providing a more convenient and user-friendly experience.

4. Power and Channels

The power and number of channels of a home AV receiver will determine the quality and volume of sound that you will get. Ensure that the receiver has enough channels to support your speaker system. Look for specifications like watts per channel and impedance, which will tell you how much power the receiver can handle. The more power and channels the receiver has, the better it can drive your speakers, providing a more immersive and powerful sound experience.

5. Brand and Customer Support

When purchasing a home AV receiver, go for a reputable brand that has been in the market for a long time. These brands have a proven track record of producing high-quality and reliable products. Additionally, make sure to check the customer support and warranty provided by the brand. A good warranty and reliable customer support can give you peace of mind, knowing that you have support in case something goes wrong with your receiver.

6. Budget

Home AV receivers come in a wide range of prices, so it is essential to set a budget and stick to it. Determine the features and capabilities that are essential to you and look for a receiver that fits within your budget. You don’t have to splurge on a high-end receiver if you only need basic features. However, it is also essential not to compromise on quality and performance for the sake of saving some money.

7. Compatibility with Future Technology

Investing in a home AV receiver is a long-term investment, and you want to make sure that it will last for years to come. As technology continues to advance, new audio and video formats and devices will emerge. When buying a receiver, make sure that it is compatible with future technology, or at least has the capability to be upgraded through firmware updates. This will ensure that your receiver stays relevant and functional for years to come.

Conclusion

In conclusion, buying a home AV receiver requires careful consideration of various factors to ensure that you get the best audio and video experience. Keep in mind the audio and video quality, connectivity options, user-friendliness, channels and power, brand and customer support, budget, and compatibility with future technology when making your decision. With the right receiver, you can elevate your home entertainment experience to a whole new level.

Schiit Gungnir Review

This is the first of a two-part review of the Schiit Gungnir. I will test what modularity can do for a DAC. Delta Sigma vs. Multibit: here we go…

Why two parts? I review gear with an eye to sustainability. As a luxury commodity hi-fi will never really be sustainable, but maybe we can find ways to take hi-fi closer to sustainability.

Going green on audio is akin to the difference between buying plastic water bottles on the go vs. buying one reusable bottle that we keep. Sometimes we (think we) need a cheap plasticky DAC from some Asian sweatshop until we can afford a ‘real’ DAC – and sometimes that might even be true – just as necessity sometimes forces us to buy water in a single-use plastic bottle.

But with a minimum of planning and effort we can bring water with us. It’s cheaper by far and much better for the environment. – And with a bit of patience and forward thinking maybe we can hold off on the cheapish DAC and wait until we can afford the DAC we really want, and therefore DAC we will keep.

– Or, the horror! we can settle in with the DAC we can afford and stop trying to find the (next and the next) Holy Grail of hardware and enjoy the music instead. Changing our perception of obsolescence in hi-fi is the most effective way of going green – and, luckily, of saving a ton of cash.

But there’s another way to take us closer to sustainability while still having an evolving system. What if we invested in a product that might never become obsolete?

Schiit Gungnir and Modularity

American company, Schiit, is one of a growing number of brands that make products that can be hardware upgraded: they are modular. You buy a DAC with a specific DAC module. When there’s an upgrade available you don’t change the DAC, you keep the DAC and change the module. This speaks to the fact that a DAC is more than its chip. Why change the power supply, the analog output, the entire circuit design, just because there’s a new chip in town? And why change the chassis? Why not just send the DAC back to the manufacturer in the same box you received it in, and get it back shortly after with a new chip/module?

Like firmware updates, this is one of the ways we reduce obsolescence in hi-fi.

A note: Schiit have recently introduced their autonomy architecture. To my knowledge it is currently available in the lower priced Bifrost but will likely expand to Schiit’s full line of modular designs: DACs, headphone/pre-amps, and integrated amps. As the name suggests the autonomy architecture allows the users to upgrade their module themselves in their own home. You don’t have to ship your DAC or your amp to Schiit. That means you don’t have to go without music while you product is being upgraded. It also means that Schiit don’t have to use labor to install the module. If we’re lucky that means even better gear for less money. That’s good for you; it’s certainly good for Schiit; and it’s good for the environment: shipping a module one way is much better than shipping the whole DAC/amp both ways.

Hands on

Just before Christmas I bought a used Schiit Gungnir. It’s the Delta Sigma version and it’s from 2015.

Why? I want to put my money where my mouth is, quite literally. I want to test what modularity can do for a DAC. Do these ideas about modularity as a portal to sustainability have actual merit?

The Gungnir is presently playing along in my system with a Bluesound Node2i streaming Tidal.

The last part of this article will review how this Delta Sigma module sounds compared to the upgraded Multibit module.

Aural Memory

A further note: How do you remember how a DAC used to sound? Two weeks ago, and in relation to your new DAC? The fact is you can’t. Or, I can’t, at least. Aural memory is only to be trusted in the broadest of terms. How a DAC compares to another is a different proposition. It’s a game of nuances. So, how will I know the difference between the Schiit Gungnir Delta Sigma and Multibit modules? By a two-part comparison to the gear I have at my disposal. How does the Delta Sigma compare to the DAC I have at my disposal? And, when it arrives, how does the Multibit Gungnir compare to that same component?

Short of having both iterations of the Schiit Gungnir here side by side that is the only way I know how to make a comparison.

Catch you on the flip side…